Bhagavad Gita - Chapter 1 - Shloka (Verse) 19

व्याख्या --'स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां ৷৷. तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन्'-- पाण्डव-सेनाकी वह शंखध्वनि इतनी विशाल, गहरी, ऊँची और भयंकर हुई कि उस (ध्वनि-प्रतिध्वनि-) से पृथ्वी और आकाशके बीचका भाग गूँज उठा। उस शब्दसे अन्यायपूर्वक राज्यको हड़पनेवालोंके और उनकी सहायताके लिये (उनके पक्षमें) खड़े हुए राजाओंके हृदय विदीर्ण हो गये। तात्पर्य है कि हृदयको किसी अस्त्र-शस्त्रसे विदीर्ण करनेसे जैसी पीड़ा होती है वैसी ही पीड़ा उनके हृदयमें शंखध्वनिसे हो गयी। उस शंखध्वनिने कौरवसेनाके हृदयमें युद्धका जो उत्साह था बल था, उसको कमजोर बना दिया जिससे उनके हृदयमें पाण्डव-सेनाका भय उत्पन्न हो गया।

सञ्जय ये बातें धृतराष्ट्रको सुना रहे हैं। 'धृतराष्ट्रके सामने ही सञ्जयका धृतराष्ट्र के पुत्रों अथवा सम्बन्धियोंके हृदय विदीर्ण कर दिये' ऐसा कहना सभ्यतापूर्ण और युक्तिसंगत नहीं मालूम देता। इसलिये सञ्जयको 'धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्' न कहकर 'तावकीनानाम्'(आपके पुत्रों अथवा सम्बन्धियोंके--ऐसा) कहना चाहिये था; क्योंकि ऐसा कहना ही सभ्यता है। इस दृष्टिसे यहाँ 'धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्' पदका अर्थ जिन्होंने अन्यायपूर्वक राज्यको धारण किया (टिप्पणी प0 15.1)--ऐसा लेना ही युक्तिसंगत तथा सभ्यतापूर्ण मालूम देता है। अन्यायका पक्ष लेनेसे ही उनके हृदय विदीर्ण हो गये--इस दृष्टिसे भी यह अर्थ लेना ही युक्तिसंगत मालूम देता है।

यहाँ शङ्का होती है कि कौरवोंकी ग्यारह अक्षौहिणी (टिप्पणी प0 15.2) सेनाके शंख आदि बाजे तो उनके शब्दका पाण्डव-सेनापर कुछ भी असर नहीं हुआ, पर पाण्डवोंकी सात अक्षौहिणी सेनाके शंख बजे तो उनके शब्दसे कौरवसेनाके हृदय विदीर्ण क्यों हो गये? इसका समाधान यह है कि जिनके हृदयमें अधर्म, पाप, अन्याय नहीं है अर्थात् जो धर्मपूर्वक अपने कर्तव्यका पालन करते हैं, उनका हृदय मजबूत होता है, उनके हृदयमें भय नहीं होता। न्यायका पक्ष होनेसे उनमें उत्साह होता है ,शूरवीरता होती है। पाण्डवोँने वनवासके पहले भी न्याय और धर्मपूर्वक राज्य किया था और वनवासके बाद भी नियमके अनुसार कौरवोंसे न्यायपूर्वक राज्य माँगा था। अतः उनके हृदयमें भय नहीं था, प्रत्युत उत्साह था, शूरवीरता थी। तात्पर्य है कि पाण्डवोंका पक्ष धर्मका था। इस कारण कौरवोंकी ग्यारह अक्षौहिणी सेनाके बाजोंके शब्दका पाण्डव-सेनापर कोई असर नहीं हुआ। परन्तु जो अधर्म, पाप, अन्याय आदि करते हैं, उनके हृदय स्वाभाविक ही कमजोर होते हैं। उनके हृदयमें निर्भयता निःशङ्कता नहीं रहती। उनकी खुदका किया पाप, अन्याय ही उनके हृदयको निर्बल बना देता है। अधर्म अधर्मीको खा जाता है। दुर्योधन आदिने पाण्डवोंको अन्यायपूर्वक मारनेका बहुत प्रयास किया था। उन्होंने छलकपटसे अन्यायपूर्वक पाण्डवोंका राज्य छीना था और उनको बहुत कष्ट दिये थे। इस कारण उनके हृदय कमजोर, निर्बल हो चुके थे। तात्पर्य है कि कौरवोंका पक्ष अधर्मका था। इसलिये पाण्डवोंकी सात अक्षौहिणी सेनाकी शंख-ध्वनिसे उनके हृदय विदीर्ण हो गये, उनमें बड़े जोरकी पीड़ा हो गयी।
इस प्रसंगसे साधकको सावधान हो जाना चाहिये कि उसके द्वारा अपने शरीर, वाणी, मनसे कभी भी कोई अन्याय और अधर्मका आचरण न हो। अन्याय और अधर्मयुक्त आचरणसे मनुष्यका हृदय कमजोर, निर्बल हो जाता है। उसके हृदयमें भय पैदा हो जाता है। उदाहरणार्थ, लंकाधिपति रावणसे त्रिलोकी डरती थी। वही रावण जब सीताजीका हरण करने जाता है तब भयभीत होकर इधर-उधर देखता है (टिप्पणी प0 16) । इसलिये साधककोचाहिये कि वह अन्याय--अधर्मयुक्त आचरण कभी न करे।

The great uproar ("mahan ghosha") produced by the various kings blowing their conches—which was "tumulah" (exceedingly terrifying)—resonating through the sky ("nabha") and the earth ("prithivim"), meaning the three worlds, in a specific sequence, pierced ("vyadarayat" - tore apart) the hearts ("hridayani") of the sons of Dhritarashtra, Duryodhana and the rest.

It is indeed fitting that upon the outcry of the three worlds caused by hearing the conch-sound driven by them (the Pandavas), there should be excessive shaking/trembling in the hearts of those (Kauravas) listening to it.

He states this with "Sa ghoshah" (That uproar).

The sound of conches and other instruments of your people, Duryodhana and the rest, did not generate fear in the enemies (Pandavas), but by those (sounds) of theirs (the Pandavas), extreme fear was generated in your people—with this intention, he says "Sa ghosha," etc.

The "Tumula"—meaning intense—sound pierced the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra—meaning it generated pain equivalent to tearing apart.

And this is but fitting—with this intention he says "Nabha" (Sky), etc. Resonating through the sky and the earth—meaning filling them with echoes.

"Abhyahanyanta" means "abhihatah" (were struck/sounded).

This is a usage in the reflexive passive voice (Karma-kartari).

That sound shattered the hearts of all your sons headed by Duryodhana. The sons of Dhritarashtra felt that the strength of the Kauravas was destroyed that very day. Thus, Sanjaya related this to Dhritarashtra, who was desirous of their victory.

And that sound of the conches generated great fear among your people; he states this with "Sa ghosha," etc.

It tore apart the hearts of the sons of Dhritarashtra—meaning your people.

Doing what? The tumultuous sound was causing the sky and the earth to resonate.

Regarding the verse "Sa ghoshah" (That uproar)—the connection is that while making the sky and earth echo, it pierced the hearts of only the sons of Dhritarashtra.

The sentiment is that for others (the Pandavas), it was a cause of joy.

By the phrase "Sarvesham eva bhavat-putranam" (All your sons indeed), the meaning of the word "Dhartarashtra" and its plural number is explained to indicate that not a single one among them remained steady-hearted.

"Bibheda" (pierced) is the synonym used here to indicate the meaning of "Vyadarayat" (shattered). Objection: How can sound cause the tearing of the heart like a weapon? Answer: To this he says—"Adyaiva" (Even today...).

For those who were certain of the victory of their own force, the very realization/thought of its destruction is the breaking of the heart; this is the sentiment.

To Dhritarashtra, who was asking with the desire to know of his sons' victory, Sanjaya related only that which indicated their defeat in the manner described above—he states this with "Evam" (Thus).

वें श्लोक से संजय पाण्डवों की सेना का विस्तृत वर्णन करता है। उसका यह विशेष प्रयास है कि किसी प्रकार धृतराष्ट्र पाण्डव सेना की श्रेष्ठता समझ सकें और युद्ध के विनाशकारी परिणामों को समझ कर इस भ्रातृहन्ता युद्ध को रोकने का आदेश भेजें।

Even though the sound of conches and instruments in the army of Dhritarashtra's sons was exceedingly tumultuous, it did not cause agitation to the Pandavas; but that conch-uproar produced in the army of the Pandavas tore apart the hearts of the "Dhartarashtras"—meaning all your relatives, O Dhritarashtra, and even Bhishma, Drona, and others.

The meaning is that it generated pain equivalent to the tearing of the heart.

Because it was "Tumula," meaning intense. And it was filling the sky and the earth with echoes.

स शङ्खध्वनिस्तावकानां भयमुत्पादयामासेत्याह स इति। स पूर्वोक्तपाञ्चजन्यादिजन्मा घोषः शब्दः धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि विशेषेण दारितवान्। नभः आकाशं पृथिवीं विशेषेण अनुनादयन् प्रतिध्वनयन् तथा कृतवान्।

चकारद्वयेन नभः पृथिवीं व्यदारयदिति ज्ञापितम्। नभोविदारणं लोकोक्तिः। पृथिवीविदारणं तु स्पष्टम् विद्युन्महाशब्देन कूपादिविदारणस्य दर्शनात्।

कीदृशः सः तुमुलो महान्। नभश्च पृथिवीं च अनुनादयन् तुमुलो भूत्वा स घोषः धार्तराष्ट्रानां हृदयानि व्यदारयदिति वा। उत्साहभङ्गेन हदये भयं जनयामासेत्यर्थः।

एवं पाण्डवानां धर्मिष्ठत्वभक्तत्वयोर्बोधनार्थमष्टादशभिः सङ्गतिरुक्ता।

ततो युधिष्ठिरभीमादयश्च पृथक्पृथक् शङ्खान् दध्मुः।

स घोषः दुर्योधनादिहृदयानि बिभेद।

Dhrtarastra said - Sanjaya said Duryodhana, after viewing the forces of Pandavas protected by Bhima, and his own forces protected by Bhisma conveyed his views thus to Drona, his teacher, about the adeacy of Bhima's forces for conering the Kaurava forces and the inadeacy of his own forces for victory against the Pandava forces. He was grief-stricken within.
Observing his (Duryodhana's) despondecny, Bhisma, in order to cheer him, roared like a lion, and then blowing his conch, made his side sound their conchs and kettle-drums, which made an uproar as a sign of victory. Then, having heard that great tumult, Arjuna and Sri Krsna the Lord of all lords, who was acting as the charioteer of Arjuna, sitting in their great chariot which was powerful enough to coner the three worlds; blew their divine conchs Srimad Pancajanya and Devadatta. Then, both Yudhisthira and Bhima blew their respective conchs separately. That tumult rent asunder the hearts of your sons, led by Duryodhana. The sons of Dhrtarastra then thought, 'Our cause is almost lost now itself.' So said Sanjaya to Dhrtarastra who was longing for their victory.
Sanjaya said to Dhrtarastra: Then, seeing the Kauravas, who were ready for battle, Arjuna, who had Hanuman, noted for his exploit of burning Lanka, as the emblem on his flag on his chariot, directed his charioteer Sri Krsna, the Supreme Lord-who is overcome by parental love for those who take shelter in Him who is the treasure-house of knowledge, power, lordship, energy, potency and splendour, whose sportive delight brings about the origin, sustentation and dissolution of the entire cosmos at His will, who is the Lord of the senses, who controls in all ways the senses inner and outer of all, superior and inferior - by saying, 'Station my chariot in an appropriate place in order that I may see exactly my enemies who are eager for battle.'