Bhagavad Gita - Chapter 1 - Shloka (Verse) 41

व्याख्या--'अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण ৷৷. प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः'-- धर्मका पालन करनेसे अन्तःकरण शुद्ध हो जाता है। अन्तःकरण शुद्ध होनेसे बुद्धि सात्त्विकी बन जाती है। सात्त्विकी बुद्धिमें क्या करना चाहिये और क्या नहीं करना चाहिये इसका विवेक जाग्रत् रहता है। परन्तु जब कुलमें अधर्म बढ़ जाता है तब आचरण अशुद्ध होने लगते हैं जिससे अन्तःकरण अशुद्ध हो जाता है। अन्तःकरण अशुद्ध होनेसे बुद्धि तामसी बन जाती है। बुद्धि तामसी होनेसे मनुष्य अकर्तव्यको कर्तव्य और कर्तव्यको अकर्तव्य मानने लग जाता है अर्थात् उसमें शास्त्रमर्यादासे उलटी बातें पैदा होने लग जाती हैं। इस विपरीत बुद्धिसे कुलकी स्त्रियाँ दूषित अर्थात् व्यभिचारिणी हो जाती हैं।

वर्णसंकरस्य दोषपर्यवसायितामादर्शयति संकर इति।

कुलक्षयकराणां दोषान्तरं समुच्चिनोति पतन्तीति। कुलक्षयकृतां पितरो निरयगामिनः संभवन्तीत्यत्र हेतुमाह लुप्तेति।

पुत्रादीनां कर्तृ़णामभावाल्लुप्ता पिण्डस्योदकस्य च क्रिया येषां ते तथा। ततश्च प्रेतत्वपरावृत्तिकारणाभावान्नरकपतनमेवावश्यकमापतेदित्यर्थः।

Then what would happen? To this, he answers with "Adharma" (unrighteousness) etc. Due to being overpowered by unrighteousness, meaning the prevalence of unrighteousness, the women of the family become excessively corrupted, i.e., they become adulterous. Some commentators also state that the corruption of women arises solely from their association with fallen husbands who are destroyers of the family, citing the Smriti: "One corrupted by a great sin must be waited upon (kept at a distance) until purification."

And regarding what happens when they become corrupted, he states with "Strīṣu" (in women) etc. When women are corrupted, intermixture of castes (varṇasaṅkara) arises.

Suggesting that "You ought to pull us away from this war, which is the instrument of unrighteousness and the root of all evil, rather than inciting us into it," he addresses Him as "Krishna." By addressing Him as "Vārṣṇeya" (Descendant of Vrishni), he implies: "O You born in the Vrishni clan, knower of family traditions, how do you not know this? And knowing it, for what purpose do you disregard it?"

कथं तर्हि जामदग्न्येन रामेण क्षत्रियेषु हतेषु तत्स्त्रियः पुनःपुनर्ब्राह्मणेभ्यः पुत्रान् जनयामासुरित्युपाख्यायते कथं वा धृतराष्ट्रादीनामसंकरजत्वमित्याशङ्क्याह पतन्तीति।

हि शब्दो वैदिकीं प्रसिद्धिं द्योतयति। सा हिन शेषो अग्ने अन्यजातमस्ति इति श्रुतिः। अन्यस्माज्जातं शेषोऽपत्यं नास्तीति तदर्थः।अन्योदर्यो मनसापि न मन्तव्यो ममायं पुत्रः इति यास्कवचनाच्च।

ये यजामहे इति शास्त्रात् ये वयं स्मस्ते वयं यजामह इत्यर्थकाद्दृश्यमानस्य पित्रादेः संशयग्रस्तत्वादयं मम पितैवेति निश्चयस्य दुःसाध्यत्वात्। मन्त्रश्चयोऽहमस्मि स सन्यजे। ब्राह्मणेऽर्थवादश्चनचैतद्विद्मो ब्राह्मणाः स्मो वयमब्राह्मणा वा इति।

तस्माद्बीजपतेरेव पिण्डादिप्राप्तिर्नतु क्षेत्रपतेरिति लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियत्वादवश्यं पितृ़णां पातो भवति।

क्षेत्रजपुत्रस्मृतिस्तु इह लोके वंशस्थापनमात्रपरा नतु तेन क्षेत्रपतेः कश्चिदामुष्मिक उपकारोऽस्ति। उदाहृतश्रुतिविरोधात्। अयं च संकरोऽस्माभिः स्वयं कृतश्चेदवश्यमस्मान्बाधिष्यत एवेति भावः।

Sanjaya said: That Partha (Arjuna)—who is high-minded, supremely compassionate, possessed of extensive kinship ties, supremely righteous, and accompanied by his brothers; although repeatedly deceived by you (Kauravas) through terrible, murderous means such as the house of lacquer,

and despite having the Supreme Person as his ally—upon beholding your people about to be killed, and with his entire body perspiring excessively due to affection for kinsmen, supreme pity, and fear of righteousness and unrighteousness,

said "I will not fight at all." Then, with a mind agitated by the grief born of separation from his kinsmen, he cast aside his bow and arrows and sat down on the seat of the chariot.

The term 'praduṣyanti' (they become polluted) is a statement referring to a physical fault (bodily transgression/unchastity).

अर्जुन अपने पूर्वकथित तर्क को आगे बढ़ाते हुए कहता है कि अधर्म के बढ़ने पर समाज में धीरधीरे नैतिकता का पतन हो जायेगा और वर्णसंकर जातियाँ उत्पन्न होंगी।वर्ण एक ऐसा शब्द है जिसका अर्थ विकृत हो जाने से वह आज के शिक्षित लोगों की तीखी आलोचना का विषय बन गया है। उनकी आलोचना उचित है यदि उसका विकृत अर्थ स्वीकृत हो। परन्तु आज वर्ण के नाम पर देश में जो कुछ होते हुये हम देख रहे हैं वह हिन्दू जीवन पद्धति का पतित रूप है। प्राचीन काल में वर्ण विभाग का आधार समाज के व्यक्तियों की मानसिक व बौद्धिक क्षमता और पक्वता होती थी।बुद्धिमान तथा अध्ययन अध्यापन एवं अनुसंधान में रुचि रखने वाले लोग ब्राह्मण कहलाते थे क्षत्रिय वे थे जिनमें राजनीति द्वारा राष्ट्र का नेतृत्व करने की सार्मथ्य थी और जो अपने ऊपर इस कार्य का उत्तरदायित्व लेते थे कि राष्ट्र को आन्तरिक और बाह्य आक्रमणों से बचाकर राष्ट्र में शांति और समृद्धि लायें। कृषि और वाणिज्य के द्वारा समाज सेवा करने वालों को वैश्य कहते थे। वे लोग जो उपयुक्त कर्मों में से कोई भी कर्म नहीं कर सकते थे शूद्र कहे जाते थे। उनका कर्तव्य सेवा और श्रम करना था। हमारे आज के समाजसेवक और अधिकारी वर्ग कृषक और औद्योगिक कार्यकर्त्ता आदि सभी उपर्युक्त वर्ण व्यवस्था में आ जाते हैं।वर्णव्यवस्था को जब हम उसके व्यापक अर्थ में समझते हैं तब हमें आज भी वह अनेक संगठनों के रूप में दिखाई देती है। अत वर्णसंकर के विरोध का अर्थ इतना ही है कि एक विद्युत अभियन्ता शल्यकक्ष में चिकित्सक का काम करता हुआ समाज को खतरा सिद्ध होगा तो किसी चिकित्सक को जल विद्युत योजना का प्रशासनिक एवं योजना अधिकारी नियुक्त करने पर समाज की हानि होगीसमाज में नैतिक पतन होने पर अनियन्त्रित वासनाओं में डूबे युवक और युवतियाँ स्वच्छन्दता से परस्पर मिलते हैं। कामना के वश में वे सामाजिक और सांस्कृतिक विकास का किंचित भी विचार नहीं करते। इसलिये अर्जुन को भय है कि वर्णसंकर के कारण समाज और संस्कृति का पतन होगा।

"Nihatya" (Having killed) etc. In the act of killing aggressors (ātatāyins), sin itself is the agent. Therefore, the meaning is this: these enemies of ours have already been killed (or enslaved) by sin. And by killing them, sin would take shelter in us as well.

Here, 'sin' refers to the failure to perceive the faults like the destruction of the family due to the influence of greed and so forth.

That is precisely why he introduces the topic of family duties (kuladharma) with the words "svajanaṃ hi katham" (how indeed [can we kill] our own people) and so on.

The intermixture of the family leads only to hell for the destroyers of the family; this is the syntactic connection.

Not only do the destroyers of the family fall into hell, but their ancestors do as well; this is stated by the word "patanti" (they fall).

The word "hi" is used in the sense of "also" or as a reason.

Due to the absence of agents like sons, the ancestors of these family-destroyers—for whom the rites of offering rice-balls (piṇḍa) and water have ceased—fall down; the phrase "to hell indeed" is implicitly connected here.

Therefore, even in the future, no one remains so [pure]; this he states with "adharmābhibhavāt" etc.

"Adharmābhibhavāt" means that being pervaded by unrighteousness (adharma), the women of the family become corrupted, meaning they become tainted with faults like adultery. When women have become corrupted, intermixture of castes (varṇasaṅkara) arises.

By the vocative "Vārṣṇeya" (Descendant of Vrishni), it is indicated that for those born in a noble lineage, such a state [of corruption] is inappropriate in the family.

Arjuna said - Sanjaya said Sanjaya continued: The high-minded Arjuna, extremely kind, deeply friendly, and supremely righteous, having brothers like himself, though repeatedly deceived by the treacherous attempts of your people like burning in the lac-house etc., and therefore fit to be killed by him with the help of the Supreme Person, nevertheless said, 'I will not fight.'
He felt weak, overcome as he was by his love and extreme compassion for his relatives. He was also filled with fear, not knowing what was righteous and what unrighteous. His mind was tortured by grief, because of the thought of future separation from his relations. So he threw away his bow and arrow and sat on the chariot as if to fast to death.